Theme Analysis of D.H. Lawrences The Horse Dealers Daughter :: D H Lawrence Horse Dealer Daughter Essays Papers

Theme Analysis of D.H. Lawrence's â€Å"The Horse Dealer's Daughter† Many authors are recognized by a reoccurring theme found throughout their works. The author D.H. Lawrence can be classified into this group. He is well known for his reoccurring theme that romantic love is psychologically redeeming. He wrote â€Å"The Horse Dealer’s Daughter† , a short story that exemplifies this theme quite accurately, in 1922 (Sagar 12). Through excellent use of symbolism in â€Å"The Horse Dealer’s Daughter†, Lawrence renders his theme of romantic love being psychologically redeeming through the emotional development of the two main characters, Mabel and Dr. Fergusson. In â€Å"The Horse Dealer’s Daughter,† symbols are used to fulfill the quest of happiness and love. This love story has many symbols, which show hidden meaning. One can fully understand a story, if one can point out certain symbols. Symbols create ideas and images for the reader to better understand the story. (Symbol)Mabel, one of the two main characters in this story, is depressed and suicidal. After her mother died, she feels like there is nothing to live for. Her mother was the love and joy in her life; without her, she is lost. All she has left is her house, which she is extremely proud of, and her brother, which she seems not to care for. She decides to release herself from her troubles by drowning herself in a pond. The other main character, Dr. Fergusson, sees her and tries to save her life. This pond is a strong symbol with many meanings. It is a start of a new experience, and a change of two people’s lives. The pond is described as dead and cold. This symbolizes that Dr. Fergusson had no feelings for Mabel before the incident. The narrator describes the pond as lifeless right before the doctor had entered it. Before going in, the relationship between them was dead and cold, and they had no passionate feelings for one another. Dr. Fergusson tries to rescue Mabel for no other reason but because he was doing his job. The pond also describes Dr. Fergusson’s life as dull and pointless. His life was still and silent before he had met her. He was afraid to go in too deep into the pond, and was afraid of drowning. This represents his fear of falling in love. He was scared of the water because he could not swim, and also because he was scared of love.

Assessing the Dependency of Teamwork Dynamics to Cultural Differences Essay

A debate whether a heterogeneous or a homogeneous team is easier to handle and manage has been going on for years. Companies, firms and even organizations are starting to make teams as the basic unit of their operations. Due to this trend, organizational researchers started to study the correlation between the composition of the team and the teams’ output (Earley & Mosakowski, 2000, p. 26). Organizational composition in terms of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the team composition is commonly studied through the comparative advantages that each type of composition can give to a working team (Schippers, Hartog, Koopman, & Wienk, 2003, p. 779). This research paper will try to address the issue at hand in the same manner as most organizational researchers do; this research paper will compare homogeneous and heterogeneous team compositions through the advantages they can give to their teams. The hiring structure of most organizations, companies and firm includes a set of qualification that seeks to sift through the applicants not in terms of credentials but also in terms of their backgrounds (Prat, 2000, p. 3). These sets of qualifications are commonly structured in their own ways to create a homogenous or a heterogeneous team, depending on the position of the hiring party in terms of its team composition preference. Before moving on to the advantages of the two-team compositions, it should be noted that the basic differences between the two-team compositions are its team members’ culture. Culture embodies the system of shared meanings (Gibson C. B. , 2004). It can even be said, that culture attributes the different reactions of the team members in different managerial approaches and team objectives (Gibson C. B. , 2004). Furthermore, the probability of success and efficiency in team is dependent to the culture of its team members. Identifying the difference between leading a homogeneous team or a heterogeneous team can be easily discussed through the extent by which team members share a certain culture. In modern day organizational researches, culture sharing is not the only difference. Factors such as efficiency, efficacy of the leading model, output capabilities and even conflict resolution mechanisms are considered in organization researches that address homogeneous and heterogeneous team compositions. Describing the actual leadership process in these two team compositions would lead to the discussions on team cohesiveness. Team cohesiveness is the degree by which members of a group (both hetero and homo) are attracted to the team (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). It can be said, that team cohesiveness embodies the reasons for joining a team and expected incentives for joining the team (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). Team cohesiveness is present in both homogeneous and heterogeneous team compositions. However, the burden of insuring that the team would function is not directly related to the team composition; it is also determined by the leadership style in the team. Leading leadership styles such as directive and supportive styles have two very different effects to the team depending on the team composition. The exclusivity of the shared culture in homogeneous teams can work better with directive leadership such as seen in autocratic countries (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). On the other hand, supportive leadership can work better with heterogeneous team composition since the differences in the shared culture of the team can be compensated for by the support that the leadership style offers (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). Interchanging the two leadership styles in heterogeneous and homogeneous team compositions can result to high probability of team inefficiency and failure. Following this logic, it can be said that the leadership style would determine the difference between these two team compositions; a certain â€Å"fit† must be properly addressed. After discussing the needed â€Å"fit† in the leadership style and the team composition, advantages in terms of properly leading a homogeneous team or a heterogeneous team can now be established. Having a heterogeneous team implies that a team leader would have members with different recognitions of shared culture. Due to this, the team leader can expect different opinions and a wide range of ideas to be articulated by the team members (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This setup is seen in companies that operate on a high technology level. Technology based companies tend to function in a transnational level; this allows the companies to have an experience in having a heterogeneous team to deal with their operations. The diverse pool that the company can easily access to creates a working environment, which is perfect for the creation of cohorts. According to other related researches, team members tend to speak out their idea or opinion if they have at least one team member that supports their idea (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This finding is the coined as the cohort formation in workplaces. Following this logic, leading a heterogeneous team has an advantage of being able to pool a good number of ideas and opinions due to the different shared cultures among the team members. Practically speaking, a heterogeneous team can come up with more possible solutions needed to address a problem as compared to a team with members that share a uniform culture. Heterogeneous team through its cohorts also has the advantage of creating a workplace, which is more conducive for a more receptive learning behavior (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The cohort formation that arises from a heterogeneous team creates subgroups that are more receptive to learning through experimentation; reflective communication and codification (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The psychological support provided by team members that share culture allows other team members to learn more (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 210). These advantages of heterogeneous teams make many organizations, companies and firms to invest in the creation of a heterogeneous team. This trend is best seen in transnational companies’ attempts to outsource team members from different places around the globe to insure that their team has cohorts to cultivate better brainstorming activities (Earley & Gibson, 2002, pp. 230-232). Unfortunately, the advantages of having a heterogeneous team stop at the cohorts. Heterogeneous team, which is too heterogeneous in the sense that it does not allow the formation of cohorts tends to be counterproductive since its team members without some to share his or her culture with, becomes too protective of their ideas (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, pp. 212-213). In this situation, organizational researches recommend the full dismantling of the team or the inclusion of other team members that may allow that formation of cohorts within the heterogeneous team. Advantages in a homogeneous team are the extreme solutions to the disadvantages of a heterogeneous team. The probability that too much heterogeneity can impede team growth and efficiency can be cancelled out by adapting a homogenized team since the shared culture of the whole team will eradicate the cultural diversity that may have started the problems of a too heterogenic team (Mello & Ruckes, 2010, p. 1022). This is the primary advantage of homogeneous team- cohesion. Team cohesion is at its prime state if the subject team is a homogeneous team (WordPress. com, 2009). The strong sense of group cohesion in a homogeneous team allows the whole team to easily accomplish tasks and yield maximum productivity rates (WordPress. com, 2009, p. n. pag. ). The shared culture of a homogeneous team creates a sense of unity among the team members; that translates to achievements that are most probably unattainable for a common heterogeneous group. This is the primary and appears to be the only advantage in a homogeneous group. Unfortunately, it also has its share of disadvantages. The major disadvantage of a homogenous team is that the team is prone to make probable dumb decisions due to the strong sense of groupthink mentality present in this team composition (WordPress. com, 2009). This attributes of homogeneous team composition allows homogeneous teams to be the perfect team composition for productivity and goal oriented organizations, companies and firms. Conclusion: Heterogeneous and homogeneous team compositions have been existing ever since basic groups have been formed. The reason for their existence is the fact that each of this team composition provides a perfect fit for different organizational arrangements (Gamage, 2006, p. 57). The interplay between organizational cultures, team composition and the type of leadership determines the needed fit implied in this research paper. Conclusively, this research paper takes the position that homogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that are goal and production oriented, while heterogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that seek to provide solutions. The cohesive team culture cultured and enforced in homogeneous team composition allows a consolidated movement of the whole team towards the attainment of their team’s objectives. On the other hand, the differences of the team members of a heterogeneous team allow the utilization of the multi perspective orientations in the advantage of the whole team. The different ideas and cultural inclinations of a heterogeneous team allow the development of holistic solutions. These points when summed up results to a general idea that the team compositions’ effectiveness are dominantly dependent on the factors such as type of leadership and environment such as context of application. Bibliography Adams, S. K. (2007, July 30). Disciplinarily Hetero- and Homogeneous Design Team Convergence:Communication Patterns and Perceptions of Teamwork. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. scholar. lib. vt. edu: http://scholar. lib. vt. edu/theses/available/etd-08272007-114555/unrestricted/MastersThesis. pdf Adler, N. (1991). International dimensions of organi-zational behavior (2nd ed. ). Boston: PWS-Kent. Burke, S. , Wilson, K. , & Salas, E. (2010). Varying Team Composition to Examine the Effect of CulturalDiversity on Team Process and Cultural Adaptability. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. ftp. rta. nato. int: ftp. rta. nato. int/public//PubFullText/†¦ ///MP-HFM-142-18. doc Casmir, R. (1992). Third-culture building: A paradigm shift for international and intercultural communication. Communication Yearbook , 407-428. Cox, T. (1992). Cultural diversity in organizations. San Francisco: Berrett Koehler. Earley, P. C. , & Mosakowski, E. (2000). Creating Hybrid Team Cultures: An Empirical Test of Transnational Team Functioning. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1 , 26-49. Earley, P. , & Gibson, C. B. (2002). Multinational Work Teams: A New Perspective. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. . Elron, E. (1997). Top management teams within multina-tional corporations: Effects of cultural heterogeneity. Leadership Quarterly , 393-412. Gamage, D. (2006). Professional Development for Leaders and Managers . Dordrecht: Springer Publications. Gibson, C. B. (2004). Building Multicultural Teams:Learning to Manage Homogeneity and Heterogeneity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http://web. gsm. uci. edu: http://web. gsm. uci. edu/~cgibson/Publication%20files/Articles/Crossing%20cultures%20chapter. pdf Gibson, C. , & Vermeulen, F. (2003). A Healthy Divide: Subgroups as a Stimulus for Team Learning Behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 2 , 202-239. Leadershipreview. org. (2002). Research Synopsis: Creating Hybrid Team Cultures. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. leadershipreview. org: http://www. leadershipreview. org/2002winter/nelson_winter_2002. asp Mayo, M. (2005, September 2). Networks and Effectiveness in Work Teams: The Impact of Diversity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. latienda. ie. edu: http://latienda. ie. edu/working_papers_economia/WP05-10. pdf Maznevski, M. (1994). Understanding our differences: Performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. Human Relations , 531-552. McGrath, J. (1984). Groups: Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Mello, A. S. , & Ruckes, M. E. (2010). Team Composition. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http://finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. d: http://finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. de/download/Ruckes_TeamCompositionJB. pdf Prat, A. (2000, August 16). Shoul a Team Be Homogeneous? Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. econ. lse. ac. uk: http://econ. lse. ac. uk/staff/prat/papers/sharedeer2. pdf Schippers, M. C. , Hartog, D. N. , Koopman, P. L. , & Wienk, J. A. (2003). Diversity and Team Outcomes: The Moderating Effects of Outcome Interdependence and Group Longevity and the Mediating Effect of Reflexivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 6 , 779-802. Wendt, H. , Euwemab, M. C. , & Emmerik, I. H. (2009). Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http://hettyvanemmerik. com: http://hettyvanemmerik. com/ScientificPublications/+Enl2009=Article_LQ_Wendt_Euwema_Van_Emmerik_Leadership_and_team_cohesiveness. pdf WordPress. com. (2009, March 10). Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Teams and Creativity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. wordpress. com: http://asifjmir. wordpress. com/2009/03/10/homogeneous-or-heterogeneous-teams-and-creativity/

Morality and Flaws in the Society in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 793 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Huckleberry Finn Essay Did you like this example? In every day life, society affects the way a person thinks and act without them even being aware of it. This leads to the more human side of society being a huge influence on mentality, too. This can be both dangerous and toxic for a person considering the affects of it and authors often take this into account. This results in literature about how society affects the protagonist and everyone around them negatively. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain explores the flaws in the society and how it messes with the morality of the people within society. In the novel, the people seem to let fear get in the way of doing something hard, however when there is no fear the people seem to be eager to help out The novel states And there was the ferry boat full of people, floating along down. They was firing the cannon, trying to make the carcass come to the top (Twain 49). This is important because when Huck was in trouble, no one was willing to come save him. But when they had to search for him, there wasnt anything for the people to fear and everyone seemed to want to help look for Huck. The reader can see that the fear even applies to our modern society in some ways, too. Whenever people are confronted with the difficult or the scary, they usually turn the other way or step back because the believe they should not have to deal with it. Mark Twain could have been conveying this point through Hucks situation, too. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Morality and Flaws in the Society in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" essay for you Create order Secondly, Twain seems throughout the novel Twain seems to convey the point that Jim is not treated fairly by the society and the people around him, which makes the reader think about their morals on compassion for others. In the book says So theres a reward out for him- three hundred dollars (Page 76). By putting a bounty on Jim, they are not respecting him as his own free person. Instead, it showed that he was disrespected by everyone around him and that they did not view him as an equal. This is both uncompassionate and cruel towards Jim and no one should ever be treated this way. The second way he is treated unfairly is When Huck and Tom force Jim to do all of these tasks in order to escape, it shows that in that moment, Huck had forgotten that Jim had helped him through this whole Journey. People in modern society can be like this, too at times. Children can forget the kindness their parents show them on a regular basis and people can even forget the trouble and conflicts others have saved them from. People of the time might have read this and judged both Huck and Tom, but they forget that they can be like this too sometimes because the society we live in often forgets how to be compassionate to others. Next off, the society in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn seems to be controlled by lies and the people often do not think of the long-term consequences. When Pap is speaking in court book states Pap said hed been a man that had been misunderstood before and the judge said that he believed it (Twain 29). it leads the reader to think that the society believes lies very easily. This also majorly impacts Hucks life, too. It causes himself to fake his own death in-order to escape this awful man and get a better life of adventure. In reality-Huck is running away from the consequences of Paps lies and the life he would have to bear if he did not run away. Another instance of the lies came from Huck when he, the duke, and the dauphine pretended to be the sisters three uncles. This caused controversy for the family of the deceased father more than it helped them and it they did it out of selfish desires, too. Twain could have been writing about the issue of lying in his society at the time , because no matter what time-period a reader is in, lying is still a relevant problem. This could be a range from tiny white lies to huge impactful ones. Lies are still lies and people should think about the long-term consequences, no matter how small or big they are. The reason these points are important is because Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, seemed to have a underlying themes regarding the faults in society. First was the way he touched on fear in society that caused people to decide against action. The next was Twain touching on compassion in society using Jims character and situation. And lastly because of the lies that the society seemed to encourage and their consequences.

An Ambitious Treatment For The Aids Epidemic - 1554 Words

In September of 2016, Sweden became officially recognized as the first country in the world to achieve the UN’s 90-90-90 goal. This goal means that 90% of people living with HIV will know their HIV status, 90% of people will receive antiretroviral therapy, and 90% of people receiving antiretroviral therapy will have viral suppression. These goals were enacted by the UNAIDS group in 2014 and the 90-90-90 goal has a target year of 2020. UNAIDS is referring to this as â€Å"an ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic† (90–90–90 - An Ambitious Treatment). It is ambitious, but it is clear that is goal is possible in at least a single country. The fact that Sweden was able to reach the UNAIDS’s goal within 2 years is incredible. While this goal was achievable in Sweden, the possibility that another country can reach it in the exact same way that Sweden was able to is not likely. Sweden has unique characteristics that have allowed it to att ain this goal such as small outbreak size, healthcare access and national guidelines (Carter). The data was nationally collected to determine Sweden’s progress in reaching the 90-90-90 goal. By the end of 2015, Sweden had reached and surpassed the UN’s goal. They had 90% of cases diagnosed, 99.8% of people were linked to antiretroviral therapy and 95% of people taking antiretroviral for 6 months or more had a viral load below 50 copies/ml (Carter). The use of antiretroviral therapy in many patients who have HIV has reducedShow MoreRelatedThe Political Environment Of Vietnam1447 Words   |  6 Pagesthe population with improved water and sanitation† both in the urban and rural areas by following the WHO Guidelines and working with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development. Nevertheless, Vietnam has made a progress in combating epidemics such as HIV/AIDs and Tuberculosis (TB) and decreased the rates of life expectancy and child mortality. It is apparent th at Vietnam shows a great commitment to provide a universal health for its population by the goals they have already reached and plan toRead MoreThe Drug And Drug Administration1354 Words   |  6 Pages PrEP treatment is taken in the form of a pill, called Truvada. Truvada is a combination of two HIV medications (tenofovir and emtricitabine). Truvadais a fairly new drug. It was approved for human use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and allowed clinical practice guidelines for usage in the America by the U.S. Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in May 2014. 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The hypothesis for this project is that a major contributing factor of the epidemically proportioned alcohol problem is that the indigenous people are genetic predisposed to alcoholRead MoreImpact Of Global Health On The World Health Organization2134 Words   |  9 Pagesthe spread of them, and to also encouraging partnerships with other organizations. The Health Organization of the United Nations, and the International Office for Public Health at Paris have given WHO jobs that are related to controlling disease epidemics, working to contain quarantines, and to standardizing drugs. Not only does the WHO want to promote good health, but they also want to develop socioeconomics in the country they are working in at the time (Rogers). In addition to education and developmentRead MoreHsci2195 Words   |  9 Pages1) Present THREE main public health issues that your group suggests to address urgently (justify your group’s decision to include those three issues): * In 2003 alone, AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria caused more than 6 million deaths worldwide. * Tuberculosis is the main public health issues. * Tuberculosis also can call TB is an infection of the lungs with a germ called Mycobacterium. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacteria species in the genus MycobacteriumRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Two Global Health Promotion Initiatives2942 Words   |  12 Pagesdevelopment of personal skills, strengthening community action and reorienting health services(2). Taking into account these action areas, the author will discuss health promotion initiatives concerned with safeguarding maternal health and the control of HIV/AIDS* infections, two important global issues mentioned in the MDGs. Firstly, let us consider the issue of maternal health. The 1988 Adelaide international conference on health promotion identified the health of women as a key area of focus in building

Marcus Garveys Influences - 1086 Words

Marcus Garvey s influences America has a long history of discrimination against non-white peoples. White Americans are responsible for the eradication of Native Americans from their native lands, and for the importation of Black people from Africa for enslavement. Today racism is not even close to what it had been 150 years ago, when slavery was still legal; however the changes have come gradually. The Harlem renaissance was a pivotal time for the recognition of black culture in the US, and Marcus Garvey emerged as a strong and cunning political leader. During the Harlem Renaissance, Marcus Garvey was instrumental in defining the black identity in the World, and the fundamental basis of this goal was black self-determination. From†¦show more content†¦This means that Garvey sought to position a stronghold of blacks in Africa. There was a movement with which Garvey participated called the Back to Africa movement. The purpose of Back to Africa was to send blacks to Africa in order to claim the continen t as a possession of its native black peoples, and was not to be claimed by imperialism (Stein 14). This movement did not really amount to much, although it represented another of Garvey s ideas for blacks to gain their own power. If a unified African state was formed, it would need a government, and Garvey s views on government were unique. He believed that a perfect government was possible. Garvey placed utmost importance on the integrity of the leader of the Government, and believed that the leader must be infallible and under the constant scrutiny of those over which he governs. If the leader is found to be a good representative then they will be rewarded with honors in the presidential honor roll; If, however, the leader is found to the contrary, he should be publicly disgraced. (Garvey). This method of scrutinizing a leader ensures that he will be respected and trusted by his people in order to ensure the strength of the government. Garvey was not the only influential black leader in the US at the time of the Harlem renaissance. Booker T. Washington had very similar views to Garvey s concerning self determination. W.E.B. Dubois was theShow MoreRelatedThe Movement Of The Negro World1407 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In a decade’s time, Marcus Moziah Garvey entered United States, at the age of 28, and cultivated the American Negro through his oratory that is seen as the awaken of Black Nationalism. Garvey’s work does not end in America, he’s efforts were world-wide but not limited to Africa to Nova Scotia, and South America. It has been stated that Garvey raised more money and grew a membership than any other Negro organization to date. 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Some may think of the leader W.E.B. Dubois or even Malcolm X as being the father. Truth be told, the term â€Å"Black Nationalism† boils down to one person. Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr is his name. He was the youngestRead More Marcus Garvey and the African-American Civil Rights Movement1202 Words   |  5 PagesMarcus Garvey and the African-American Civil Rights Movement The 1920’s were a period of struggle for African-Americans. Slavery was abolished, but blacks were still oppressed and were in no way equal to whites. However, at this time blacks were starting to make some progress toward racial equality. The Harlem renaissance started the first real sense of African-American culture through art, jazz, dance, and literature. There was also at this time the beginning of strong African-American movementsRead MoreMarcus Garvey : A Renowned Civil Rights Activist1661 Words   |  7 PagesHistory II Prof. Bobo 2/18/16 Marcus Garvey is a renowned civil rights activist, who pushed for the betterment of the African people across the globe. Marcus was a very influential figure in his time, he came from humble beginnings. Marcus Garvey was born on 17 August 1887 in St. Ann s Bay, St Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Marcus Garvey Sr and Sarah Jane Richards. Garvey was the youngest of 11 siblings, but only himself and one of his sisters survived to adulthood. In Garvey’s youth he proved to be a brightRead More Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois Impact the Fight for Racial Equality1050 Words   |  5 PagesMarcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois Impact the Fight for Racial Equality The beginning of the early twentieth century saw the rise of two important men into the realm of black pride and the start of what would later become the movement towards civil rights. Both Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois influenced these two aforementioned movements, but the question is, to what extent? Marcus Garvey, born in Jamaica, came to the United States on March 23, 1916 to spread his program of race improvementRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Fire Next Time 901 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the meaning of acceptance, he writes to his nephew about what he has to do in the society he lives in to cope with living as a black person in America. Baldwin’s influences through the church and through religious backgrounds attained him the ability to relate his ideas of racism in society. 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This unity was not simply in terms of the broad and obvious intent to better the conditions of â€Å"black folk†, it was in terms of the very details that defined the trajectory and

Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems Free Essays

string(39) " behaviours towards the organisations\." Introduction This paper summarises the views of two authors on how job applicants or potential employees perceive selection procedures. Both articles focus on employees’ perceptions of selection methods. Article 1: â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. We will write a custom essay sample on Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first article is written by Ryan and Plolyhart (2000) and is titled â€Å"Applicants’ Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. This article is motivated by the fact that low unemployment rates have increased the competition for employees, which has forced organisations to review the various components used in selecting job applicants and how job applicants’ perceptions of those procedures can affect the attractiveness of the organisation to potential employees. Another motivation for this study is the fact that there is lack of better research on applicant perspectives. Thirdly, the article notes that social justice theorists are looking for ways to apply social justice theory concepts to applicants’ perceptions of selection methods. Moreover, there is an increasing diversity in the workforce as well as racial differences in perception of selection procedures which can affect the manner in which j ob applicants perceive organisations and thus the attractiveness of those organisations to potential employees. The article notes that one of the main assumptions of most research in this area is that the manner in which job applicants perceive selection procedures and processes affects the manner in which the applicant views the organisation and thus the decision on whether to apply for a job vacancy to that organisation or not. The article also suggests that differences in perceptions between minority and majority groups on certain selection procedures can account for some of the differences in job performance that is often observed between these two groups. The article begins by reviewing the works of Schimittand Gilliland (1992) and Gilliland (1993). These studies develop a model which provides a link between between applicants’ perceptions of selection systems and situational factors and their subsequent â€Å"attitudes and behaviours† towards those organisations. The model postulates that applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice system are influenced by situational characteristics. These characteristics include the type of test administered during the selection process, the human resource policy of the organisation and the behaviour of the human resource staff of the organisation. The overall fairness of the selection system is influenced by the degree to which the applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice of the selection system meet the expectations of applicants. The framework further stipulates that applicants’ prior experiences with a selection system would affect the evaluatio n of the system. Distributive justice rules of equity, equality, and need have an impact on the perceptions of the distributive fairness of the final decision reached through the selection system. Distributive justice rules are in turn influenced by performance expectations and the salience of discrimination. In a nutshell, the framework concludes that there should be a relationship between outcomes such as â€Å"job application decisions, test motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, endorsement of the company’s products, job acceptance decisions, job satisfaction, and performance among others† and applicants’ perceptions of fairness of the selection process. After reviewing the framework, the authors then move on to provide a critical review of the empirical literature and evaluating how they conform to the framework. The review focuses on four key areas including: The perceptions that have been studied; The factors that determine applicants’ perceptions; The consequences of holding more positive or negative perceptions; and The theoretical frameworks that have been presented. With respect to the applicants’ perceptions that have been studied, the article notes that the most commonly researched perceptions include applicants’ feelings regarding degree to which the selection system is related to the job, feelings about the fairness of various aspects of the selection system and its associated outcomes, as well as feelings about test taking motivation. The authors provide a critical review in this area and conclude that a major concern with most of these studies is that their constructs are imprecise with respect to the manner in which they are defined as well as the variability with which they are operationalised. As a result, the authors conclude that a better conceptualisation of research on test behaviours and on fairness is required to improve understanding. The authors however, admit that the work of Chan et al (1998) to a certain extent provides a link between test attitudes and perception of fairness although the study focused only on two concepts from each line of research. According to the authors, lack of an improved integration of studies on test attitudes on fairness and test attitudes makes understanding difficult. For example, it is difficult to determine whether potential employees who are more anxious perceive procedures are more unfair as opposed to those who are less anxious. In addition, it is difficult to deter mine whether beliefs about testing have a higher impact on perceptions of fairness of a procedure than characteristics of the procedure and selection situation itself. The author notes that notes that most test-taking attitude measures are perceptions of oneself (including motivation, anxiety, etc) while justice-related perceptions typically focus on the fairness of the test used in making hiring or rejection decisions. The authors argue that there should be a relationship between applicants’ motivation and anxiety and the justice-related perceptions. The authors also suggest that it is important for other perceptions to be tested. Basically most of the studies under review focus on how the motivation or perceptions of applicants influence their perceptions of fairness. This approach neglects the impact of other perceptions of fairness that may be critical for the improvement of selection systems. Article 2: â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian Study†. This article is written by Bertolino and Steiner (2007). Like the first article, this article begins by reviewing the works of other authors who provide different conceptual frameworks on the relationship between applicants’ perceptions of fairness of selection systems and their attitudes and behaviours towards the organisations. You read "Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems" in category "Essay examples" This article cites the work of Schuler (1993) whose framework suggests that the reaction of applicants to a selection process is a function of the key characteristics of the selection techniques employed. In addition, the article reviews the work of Anderson and Ostroff (1997) who focus on the socialisation impact of selection methods. Like the first article, the second article also reviews the work of Gilliland (1993) who employ organisational justice theory to comprehend the reaction of applicants to selection systems. Unlike the first article, which is based solely on a critical review of empirical literature on the reaction of applicants to selection systems as well as the underlying models of selection systems, the second article is based on both primary and secondary information. It begins by reviewing literature, and then conducts and exploratory study on the reaction of applicants to selection systems using a sample of 137 Italian students. The study is motivated by the fact that despite the presence of evidence on selection systems, most of the studies have been conducted in other countries with no attention given to Italy. The article notes that cultural differences may play an important role in the manner in which applicants perceive selection systems and thus their reaction to those systems as well as their attitudes towards the organisation. Based on the four dimensions of culture proposed by Hofstede (1980, 1991) (individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femi ninity, and power distance), the article suggests that it is possible for selection systems to be avoided by these four dimensions. For example, the article reviews the work of Ryan et al. (1999) who show that uncertainty avoidance can affect the selection practices of many countries. In addition, the study reviews the work of Triandis (1990) who argue that people from countries with high uncertainty avoidance prefer predictability, knowing what others will do, and having clear instructions and expectations. This means that employees who work in countries with high uncertainty avoidance should be more inclined towards engaging in structuring activities, including the standardisation of practices. On the contrary, those in countries with low uncertainty avoidance should be less committed to formal structures and should be prepared to accept spontaneous changes in practices. The study employed a survey questionnaire to study the reaction of Italian student to selection systems. The questionnaire used in the study is the one developed by Steiner and Gilliland (1996) which presents 10 different selection methods used in the U.S or Europe. The questionnaire asked students to think about a job they would apply for upon completion of their course Using a within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) the ratings of process favourability was compared across 10 selection methods. The evidence suggests that there are significant differences across the 10 selection methods. The selection method that received the most favoured rating was â€Å"work-sample test†. Resumes, written ability tests, interviews and personal preferences had the second favourable rating. Personality tests and biographical information blanks received a neutral rating while honesty tests and personal contacts received negative ratings. The authors conclude that their results are similar to those obtained from other countries. In particular, they observe that employer’s right, opportunity to perform and face validity are the procedural dimensions that had a high correlation with process favourability for all four countries that were studied. The two articles are similar in that they both begin by providing a theoretical framework on selection methods. Both articles provide the same theory which shows that there is a relationship between applicants’ perceptions and their reactions to selection systems. However, the first article differs from the second one in that it is based solely on the review of secondary literature. The article does not arrive on any conclusions with respect applicants reactions to selection systems. Rather, it identifies weaknesses in the literature and provides recommended procedures for improvement in future studies. On the contrary, the second article employs primary data to study how employees’ perceptions of selection systems affect their reactions to those systems. It compares findings to previous studies and concludes that culture has no significant impact on employees’ reaction to selection systems in Western countries. The study observes that the findings from France, I taly and other Western countries are similar to those obtained in studies from the United States. This shows that the different cultural dimensions mentioned in Hofstede (1981, 1990) do not influence the manner in which employees perceive selection systems which means that it does not affect the manner in which the react to those systems. The foregoing suggests that other factors may be affecting employees’ perceptions rather than culture. Conclusions and Recommendations Based on the discussion of the two articles above, one can conclude that employees’ perception of selection procedures influences the manner in which they behave towards the organisation and the decision to accept or reject an offer to work for a particular company. These perceptions may even influence the applicants other interactions with the company such as deciding to buy or not to buy the company’s products. The main difference between the two articles is that one focuses on criticising research on selection systems while one focuses on understanding how employees perceive selection systems across countries and how those systems affect their reaction. Based on this conclusion, it is important for organisations to note that the manner in which they design their selection system can affect the perception of applicants and as such affect the attractiveness of vacancies to potential applicants. Selection systems can even influence the ability of a company to attract qu alified applicants. If employees have a negative perception about a particular company, they may not be motivated to apply for a vacancy in that company and this may make it difficult for the company to fill the vacancy with a qualified applicant. Consequently, employers should seek the most favourable selection systems so as to increase their ability to attract qualified applicants to their jobs. The first article shows that research on selection systems is limited. Therefore, this paper recommends that more research should be conducted on selection systems and how employees perceive those systems. By so doing one can provide better recommendations to employers to aid them in designing their selection systems. References Bertolino, M., Steiner, D. D. (2007) â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian study†, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15, Number 2 Ryan, A. N., Ployhart R. E. (2000) â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†, Journal of Management, 26, 565-606 How to cite Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems, Essay examples

Movies Essay Example For Students

Movies Essay Each war had a serious impact on the individuals surrounding it, whether it be the soldiers, Indians,slaves, women, children, and even the entire feeling of the countryside. The commonality in each of thethree films, Last of the Mohicans, Mary Sillimans War, and Glory, was war, but each centered on adifferent segment of the population and the different wars of the time period. The French and Indian Warwas depicted in the Last of the Mohicans, showing the trials the settlers of the countryside faced whilethe French fought for control of the union against the British in the mid-18th Century.Focusing on thestrengths of women, Mary Sillimans War encompasses the revolutionary war as the Americans try tobreak free from Britain. Finally, the inner fight between the Union is depicted in Glory, which givesstartling footage on the black mans struggles in the fight for emancipation. Through studies, in course work, various books including Boorstin, Brinkley, Gross, and others, and bywatching the films, a better understanding of the trials of freedom that American individuals undertook inthe 17th and on into the19th Century was received. A connection of the feelings, emotions, and trials of thehistory of all Americans is felt and interpreted in the following paragraphs. As the first white settlers came to what is to be America in the early 17th Century, the struggle forpower was inevitable. Looking through time and history, power has always been a key factor in the lives ofthe people of the nation, and it still is today. The nine years of the French and Indian War (1754), whichwas in part depicted in the Last of the Mohicans, showed how two countries were fighting over control ofthe people and land of the colonies. We can see that the fighting had to do with power and control of otherpeople and property. Feelings for those not in the war, innocent people, were overlooked and pushed to theside. In addition, the first American settlers, the Indians, were treated as pawns in a bigger game only totake what was theirs to begin with. Both the French and the British tried to win the Indians over, only tolater push them further into the western countryside, until there would latter simply be no room for them. Mary Sillimans War, focusing on the revolutionary time period in the late 18th Century, included thepowerful struggle of the British to control the Americans. Instead of the struggle for the power of the land,at this point the British had the land and now focused on controlling the freedoms of the people of thenation. When the British felt as if they were loosing control, they grasped to incorporate a tighter system ofgovernment into the lives of Americans. The rejection of this control lead to the many horrifying years ofwar. The efforts of Americans to create a better nation did not end here. The northern and southern parts of the nation were not yet unified, even after fighting against the Britishin the revolutionary war. In fact, it was difficult to combine the entire nation and not stay divided in tinycommunities as in the past. These factors, along with many other differences of opinion when dealing withthe colored people of the nation, lead to an even greater power struggle than ever before. The southernConfederacy wanted the power to control its own nation, separate from that of the northern Federacy. Thepeople and leaders in the south did not want to give up control of their slaves. The white man felt powerby controlling what he thought was a lesser person, in this case the blacks. Seen again and again in thehistory of Americans, the power to control other people, for example, the Indians, slaves, and women, werevictims in the struggle of the white man to feel superior to others. Whenever a problem would arise wherepower was threatene!d the country would then becam e engaged in battle. .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 , .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .postImageUrl , .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 , .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28:hover , .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28:visited , .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28:active { border:0!important; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28:active , .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28 .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a12b219fe18a523328e6db05b79ac28:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal Philosophy of Success EssayThe movies were unique in their own element, because they focused on a group of individuals andcarried out their story of becoming part of the nation. The Last of the Mohicans, was very bold inshowing how the leaders of the British side reacted to the French and to the people of what is to become theUnited States of America. It also focused on how the Indians were a part of the French and Indian war. Inessence, how they did not know what side to be on. People were stabbing each other in the back right andleft, first the Indians, and then the British to the western settlers. The main focus of Britain as seen in themovie was to win, no mat ter what. The main interest of the British leaders was land and their immediatefamilies. They really did not want to fight for another country, and in the circumstances following the warshowed this. The strengths of women were shown in Mary Sillimans War. In the revolutionary time period,women were supposed to be feeble and weak, without a voice. Mary Silliman and her pediatrician frienddisproved those ideals. They were portrayed as very strong individuals in their own way. There werescenes in which they were to be the subdued woman of the past, but they also got a chance to show thatthey could help and provide for themselves when necessary. Many of the women of this time period werealone when their husbands went off to war. They were in charge of all matters their husbands left behind,and in Marys case getting her husband back from the British. She had to deal with the farm, members ofsociety, and the crooks of the time period. She was also seen as an educated woman, which many do notassociate with this time period.She left a very positive portrayal of the strengths of women. Being anolder movie, it was a very nice change from the myth!s of the past. Blacks were made a part of this country when they were brought to America in 1619. They werebrought over and sold as property to those both in the north and south.When the struggle for humanityand what was just occurred the country split. Southern plantation owners had just discovered the cottongin, and the use of slave labor was intense on many plantations. Women carried on different roles thanmen, but in the movie Glory, we focus on how blacks helped to improve their positions as Americans. Itwas a very touching story and to see the determination in the black soldiers of the North to create a freecountry made a tear come to the eye. The scene very vivid in my imagination was the scene where theblack soldier left the camp and was caught and latter whipped. The scars shown on his back and then thefurther punishment he was undertaking was heart throbbing. One wondered why after the years ofwhipping he would deserve it again. Years of suffering for not!hing, no pay, no freedoms, nothin g. They were now ready to fight and loose their lives for a country thathad not helped them until now. They were bitter and these emotions were shown, but they had to getpassed this bitterness and negative energy, because it would cause more harm than good. Instead theydecided to join the white man in conquering the southern laws and attitudes, and they would not stophelping until emancipation was in reach for all their people.It was hard to see the treatment of blacks inthis movie, even by those they were fighting for, but it brought out the true sense of the time period. .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e , .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .postImageUrl , .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e , .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e:hover , .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e:visited , .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e:active { border:0!important; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e:active , .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u674b07655a97c3fd735746e1958f704e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pulp Fiction Analysis EssayPeople during these war times had to undergo many trials and loses. The movies showed this in manyforms, as discussed. The hardship of the nation was a theme in all of the movies, and is a very importantpoint to look at when studying the history of America. We must always remember to learn from outmistakes. When certain powerful individuals get out of hand it is important to keep a check and a balance. The men of the 17th, 18th, and 19th Century were fearful, therefore hurtful. In the end, good conquers evil. This theme is also shown in the three movies, but not always without incurring losses, also a theme shown. The movies each shared powerful, bloody footage of war and the times. The people were dressed to suitthe time period, which helped get the picture of the time period and hardships across to the viewer. Theenergy levels in the films was intense and drawing. The themes and time periods were quite evident in thedress and feeling of the actors in the movie, especially after studying American history. The picture andfootage of war was very realistic in each movie, especially Glory.In conclusion, I feel that the movies played an important role in developing knowledge on the history ofthose time periods. A modern world looking back and captivating the war on film was probably never athought in the minds of the people during these times. Today, these movies can develop the minds of 20thCentury Americans so we can try to not repeat the same mistakes of our forefathers.